诊断心脏病
各种测试用于诊断 心脏病. Your doctor will start by taking your personal and family medical history, 记录当前和过去的症状, and doing laboratory tests and an electrocardiogram. Based on the results of the assessment and tests, your doctor may order further tests.
Some of these tests are non-invasive, which means no instruments are inserted into the body. Other tests are invasive and require inserting instruments into the body.
实验室测试
实验室测试 include blood tests to determine your risk of 心脏病 as well as to evaluate other systems of your body that can affect your cardiovascular health.
从你手臂上的静脉抽血. Some tests require fasting for 12 hours, but most do not have any dietary restriction.
验血检查心脏疾病
- 血脂
血脂包括: - 总胆固醇
- LDL (low-density lipoprotein), the so-called "bad" cholesterol
- HDL (high-density lipoprotein), the so-called "good" cholesterol
- 甘油三酸酯
- 脂蛋白(a)或Lp (a)
Lipoprotein (a) is a special type of lipid-containing protein. Your genes, not diet or exercise, play the main role in determining your level of Lp (a). - c反应蛋白(CRP)
Your liver produces c反应蛋白(CRP) as part of your body's response to injury or infection. Inflammation plays a central role in the process of atherosclerosis, 脂肪沉积堵塞你的动脉. CRP test results combined with other blood test results and risk factors for 心脏病 help create an overall picture of your heart health. - 同型半胱氨酸
Your body uses homocysteine to make protein and to build and maintain tissue. However, too much homocysteine may increase your risk of 心脏病 and stroke. 同型半胱氨酸 is usually ordered for people who have a high risk for developing 心脏病 or have a known history of 心脏病. It is also used for people with a family history of 心脏病 but no other known risk factors.
其他身体系统的血液检查
- 全血细胞计数
CBC is a series of tests that measures your red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. - 钠和钾水平
钠和钾水平 are measured to detect a problem with electrolytes in the body fluids. - 血尿素氮 and 肌酸酐
血尿素氮 and 肌酸酐 are measured to check kidney function. - 空腹血糖
空腹血糖 is performed to diagnose diabetes or pre-diabetes. - ALT and AST
ALT and AST is performed to detect liver inflammation or damage. - TSH
TSH是用来检测甲状腺功能的.
非侵入性的测试
心电图
An 心电图(EKG) is a graphic measure of the electrical activity in your heart. There are specific patterns on the EKG that your doctor looks for to determine whether there are abnormalities such as 心房纤颤 (一种不正常的节奏),或新的或旧的心脏病发作.
考试期间, you will lie on an exam table while an electrocardiograph machine records the information. You will be attached to the electrocardiograph by stickers on your chest that are connected to wires leading to the machine. 测试用时不到五分钟.
超声心动图
An 超声心动图 (“回声”)是心脏的超声波. A small probe like a microphone, called a transducer, is placed on the chest in various places. The ultrasound waves sent by the transducer bounce off the various parts of the heart. A computer in the machine determines the time it takes for the sound wave to return to the transducer and generates a picture with the data.
考试期间, you will lie on your back or left side on a stretcher for about 45 minutes while the pictures are being recorded. The echocardiographer will review the pictures before sending you home to be sure all the necessary information has been obtained.
心电图或超声心动图
压力测试 are performed to see how the heart performs under physical stress. The heart can be stressed with exercise on a treadmill or in a few instances, a bicycle. If a person cannot exercise on a treadmill or bicycle, medications can be used to cause the heart rate to increase, simulating normal reactions of the heart to exercise.
在压力测试期间, you will wear EKG leads and wires while exercising so that the electrical signals of your heart can be recorded at the same time. Your blood pressure is monitored throughout the test. The stress test can be performed together with the 超声心动图, described above.
核压力试验
核压力试验s have two components to them: a treadmill (or chemical) stress test and scanning of the heart after injection of a radionuclide material. This material has been used safely for many years to determine the amount of blood the heart muscle is receiving during rest and stress. 扫描是用核照相机完成的.
颈动脉超声
颈动脉超声 是为了评估你的风险吗 stroke. The sonographer presses the transducer gently against the sides of your neck, which sends images of your arteries to a computer screen for the technician to see. The technician monitors your blood flow through the carotid arteries on both sides of your neck to check for stenosis.
考试期间, you lie on your back on an examination table and a small amount of warm gel is applied to your skin. 测试通常需要15到30分钟.
腹部超音波
你的十大赌博平台排行榜也可能希望你有一个 腹部超音波 to screen for potential abdominal aortic aneurysm. The sonographer presses the transducer against the skin over your abdomen, 从一个地方移动到另一个地方. The transducer sends images to a computer screen that the technician monitors. The technician monitors blood flow through your abdominal aorta to check for an aneurysm.
考试期间, you lie on your back on an examination table and a small amount of warm gel is applied to your abdomen. The test usually takes between 20 minutes to an hour.
动态心电监测
A 动态心电监测 is a small, portable machine that you wear for 24 to 48 hours. It enables continuous recording of your EKG as you go about your daily activities. You will be asked to keep a diary log of your activities and symptoms. This monitor can detect arrhythmias that might not show up on a resting EKG that only records for a few seconds.
事件记录器
事件记录器(循环记录器)是一种小型的, portable transtelephonic monitor that may be worn for several weeks. This type of recorder is good for patients whose symptoms are infrequent.
The monitor 'loops' a two- to five-minute recording into its memory which is continually overwritten. When you experience symptoms you press a 'record' button on the monitor, 哪个存储相关的心电图条. The recordings are telephoned through to a 24-hour monitoring station and faxed directly to your doctor.
侵入性测试
心导管和冠状动脉造影术
心导管检查 is a common procedure that can help diagnose 心脏病. 在某些情况下, catheterization is also used to treat 心脏病 by opening blocked arteries with balloon angioplasty and stent placement.
心导管检查可以显示:
- 如果你的心脏血管变窄了.
- If your heart is pumping normally and blood is flowing correctly.
- If the valves in your heart are functioning normally.
- 如果你生来就有 心脏异常.
- If the pressures in the heart and lung are normal. If not, catheterization can help assess the problem.
在导管插入术, 心脏病专家插入一个长, flexible tube called a catheter into a blood vessel, either through the wrist artery or the groin artery, and gently guides it towards your heart under X-ray guidance. 一旦导管就位, X-rays and other tests are done to help your doctor evaluate whether your coronary arteries are blocked and how well your heart is working.
At times, it might also be necessary to insert a small catheter into a vein to allow measurement of specific pressures in the heart and lung. This procedure can be done either through a neck vein, arm vein or groin vein.
电生理学研究
An 电生理研究 is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart. This test helps your doctor determine the cause of your rhythm disturbance (arrhythmia) and the best treatment. 考试期间, 十大赌博平台排行榜可以安全地重现心律失常, and then give certain medications to see which one controls it best.
EP研究是在 电生理学实验室在那里,你将躺在x光台上. 就像心脏导管插入术一样, 十大赌博平台排行榜插入一个长, flexible tube — an electrode catheter — into a blood vessel, 通常在腹股沟.
EP研究分为以下几个阶段:
- Recording the heart's electrical signals to assess electrical function.
- Pacing the heart to bring on certain abnormal rhythms for observation under controlled conditions.
- 在某些情况下,一个 烧蚀过程 is performed at the same time to destroy abnormal tissue which may be causing the arrhythmia.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.